Naval architecture is a particularly challenging area and consists of optimising all the design parameters for a vessel, which are all interdependent. It relates to the shape of a hull as regards displacement, resistance to forward movement, intact stability and seakeeping, subdivision of vessels, fittings, weight distribution, damage stability, etc.

This optimisation forms the subject of iterative «vessel design loops» covering all these aspects, from initial ones devoted to draft design studies, to the final loop for detailed studies, where all the parameters are fixed. In addition, the design of a vessel must comply with a very strict framework, by conforming with international maritime or inland waterways regulations, as validated by classification companies such as Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas and Lloyds Register..